HALF-BREED: AN ARTIST PONDERS RACIAL OBESSIONS
AND MIXED-RACE IDENTITIES HALF-BREED OR WHOLE PERSON? AN ARTIST
CONSIDERS AMERICA'S OBSESSION WITH 'BOXED' CULTURE
(Friday, December 15, 1995 Section: Peninsula
Living Page: 16)
LAURA J. TUCHMAN, Mercury News Staff
Writer
IN MY my old class portrait,
amid the crew cuts and Beatle bangs, penny loafers and patent
leathers, stands a boy named Ken. His surname and facial features
lean toward the Germanic, but his smooth dark skin surely comes
from some distant continent. Today Ken would be hailed as America's
multicultural future - America's ''new race,'' or America's ''New
Face,'' as Time magazine once noted. But in the suburbs of the
late '60s, Ken was simply Ken, a lean, athletic kid inseparable
from his blond, blue-eyed pal, David. Though in our youth we failed
to realize it, Ken was a child of mixed heritage, the sort of
person Lori Kay of Burlingame has been interviewing for five years
- first casually and then more methodically - in order to create
''Half-breed: In Search of a Whole Identity,'' a mixed-media art
exhibit inspired by her own biracial heritage. In the exhibit,
which fills Belmont's Manor House Gallery, one wall holds a grid
of nine boxlike reliefs made of encaustic, a mix of wax and oil
pigments. Each box features some element from nature (a nautilus
shell, a maple seed, the outline of a shore), and below each box,
on black-and-white placards, hangs a racial or ethnic label. The
boxes represent those found on employment applications and other
standardized forms. But here the ''labels'' rest on hooks; viewers
can move them from box to box as they please. ''The words don't
have anything to do with the boxes,'' Kay says. And that's the
point. How often does a racial label ever have much to do with
who one really is? LORI KAY, born Lori Kay Mendoza, grew up in
what she calls ''a traditional Filipino home,'' attending a Filipino
church and eating Filipino foods. Kay's father is a dark-skinned,
dark-haired Filipino. Her mother, who died in May of a massive
heart attack at age 58, was a blue-eyed blond from Virginia, of
North Carolina stock. Dinner at the Mendoza home sometimes meant
black-eyed peas with ham hocks - and rice. Or corn bread - and
rice. When Kay's parents married in the early '60s, interracial
unions were illegal in their home state of Virginia. The couple
traveled to Washington, D.C., for the ceremony. Back in Virginia,
Kay's mother lived apart from her husband, in her parents' all-white
neighborhood, for nearly four months. Then she and her husband
headed for California. But distance and time failed to strengthen
their strained familial ties. Having opposed the marriage, Kay's
mother's family never accepted Kay or her four siblings. The Filipino
community never accepted them either - because they didn't look
Filipino, her father says. About seven years ago, Kay, who is
now 33, stopped using the name Mendoza. Lori Kay, reminiscent
of a traditional Southern belle's double first name, pays tribute
to Kay's Southern roots. But it is also a rejection of Mendoza,
a surname that came to the Philippines by way of Spanish colonizers.
''Mendoza never fit me. I was always mistaken for Hispanic,''
Kay says. ON THE back of a package of ''exotic'' vegetable chips,
I came across this sentence: ''Some experts believe the parsnip
was introduced to western North America by Eurasians crossing
the Bering Straits.'' Even snack makers know that mixed blood
is nothing new. So why does interracial marriage still cause such
a stir? ''In the Bay Area, in California in general, it's becoming
more and more common to interracially marry and have kids,'' Kay
says. ''And especially Asians are marrying what they call 'out'
- not their own - so it's a big deal.'' But is it the mixing of
cultures that is ''a big deal'' or the mixing of physical features
into what for many are heretofore rarely seen combinations? When
talk turns to racial mixing, facial features are often the focus.
People tend to couch their comments under the guise of beauty:
''He's beautiful. But he has . . . what? Green eyes!'' Some say
Americans can't help it; they are a visual people. It might be
more accurate to say they are a people obsessed by physical appearance.
We are a nation of oglers - and indiscreet oglers at that. Perhaps
racial mixings simply confuse the oglers and their old, outdated
standards of beauty. Looking at photos of Kay's siblings, it seems
clear to an outsider that their facial features vary - some appear
more Filipino than Kay, who is often mistaken for American Indian
and, at times, has ''passed'' for white. Some have darker eyes
or darker skin. Kay attributes the latter to vacation tans. As
a child, she didn't notice any difference. Her brothers and sisters
looked just like she did. And they still do, she says. Still,
Kay admits that she identifies more strongly with her mother's
culture. And hanging in her show is a quote from a twentysomething
male who could be one of her brothers: ''I know I'm half Caucasian,
but I see myself as brown, minority, discriminated against. I
think other people see me as minority.'' AFTER interviewing about
75 people, some two or three times, Kay felt she had enough material
for ''Half-breed.'' On the gallery walls, quotes from the interviews
are glued to wood cutouts of feet - male and female, large and
small - each traced by Kay and then painted to match the skin
tones of their owners. Together, the feet form a wavelike path
over the gallery walls. Their quotes make for pithy sound-bites:
''My Mommy is Japanese and my Daddy's not Japanese and I don't
know what I am,'' reads one little foot. ''I check 'other.' I'm
definitely 'other,' '' reads a larger foot. ''Sometimes,'' reads
a third, ''I scratch out all the boxes and write in human being.''
'WHEN we put up posters announcing (a) HAPA meeting at Stanford,''
reads one of Kay's wooden feet, ''they were torn down right away
or people wrote things on them like 'bad blood.' HAPA has made
lots of people on campus uncomfortable, especially the foreign
Asian students.'' The speaker was the leader of the Half Asian
People's Association, a Stanford University student organization
that has since changed its name and its focus. In the early '90s,
the group was dominated by students of mixed Haole (white) and
Asian heritage. Now called Cross Cultures, it is open to all who
want to learn about cultures other than their own. One of the
newest members is A.J. Oxley, 19, a Stanford freshman from Hawaii
who describes himself as three-quarters Japanese, one-quarter
English-Irish. Oxley, who admits he is often asked his ethnicity,
says people familiar with mixed races ''would know that my nose
is a little too big for an Asian, but people who were not exposed
wouldn't be able to tell. They would just categorize me as Asian.''
But what Oxley feels is something different. ''I feel really American,
and there's just other sides to my Americanness,'' he says. ''I
have Japanese customs, but I'm Irish. ''In Hawaii, a lot of people
are like that,'' he adds. ''I'm two cultures in one. I think that
creates a . . . special feeling. . . . It's like eating Japanese
food with a fork. It's how the two cultures collide, but it's
unique.'' 'HALF- BREED'' takes its title from a taunt Kay first
faced in junior high school. In the gallery, above and below the
sound-bite-bearing feet, large placards announce other nicknames
faced by Kay's interviewees: ''ZEBRA,'' ''MONGREL,'' ''RED EYED
NIGGER,'' ''WASHED UP BRILLO HEAD.'' The list goes on. Such remarks
are not limited to schoolchildren. Last year an Alabama high school
principal called a mixed-race student ''a mistake.'' The incident
is mentioned, somewhat inaccurately, on one of Kay's wooden feet,
a beige one near the end of one wall. In all, more than 100 quotes
cover the gallery. ''I tended to include ones that made me feel
I got punched in the stomach,'' Kay says. As a result, many are
negative: ''I really don't know how it's been for my two grown
sons to have had a white mother and a black father,'' one foot
reads, ''but I know it's been . . . mostly (bad).'' ''Leave those
Amer-Asian children behind in Vietnam where they belong,'' reads
one example. ''Who cares if their culture treats them like scum.
It's not our problem.'' Late one night, I received a phone call
from a Peninsula artist, a fair-skinned, blue-eyed woman who grew
up on a North Atlantic island where, after centuries of mingling
be tween natives and colonists, physical features range from very
dark to sun-sensitive pale. When I told her about Kay's exhibit,
she said: ''I think there was a reason the races were placed on
different continents. I think we would all be better off if the
different races had stayed where they were. Then we wouldn't have
all these problems - like skin problems, which I have.'' FOR KAY,
understandably, the show is as much a personal journey as an artistic
achievement. ''I needed to stop and do this,'' she says. ''I couldn't
just keep going casting bronzes and doing public sculptures without
questioning . . . who am I, and how do I bring both my backgrounds
to who I am and what I create.'' Yet, as Kay admits, her chosen
topic is not an easy one. ''I realized two months ago that this
was really a big, big issue,'' she says, ''much bigger than me,
much bigger than my show. And it's too big for me to even try
to grasp it in one (artistic) statement.'' But now, after the
interviews and the editing, after forming the wooden feet and
gluing down the words, does Kay think of herself any differently?
''I'm still questioning what is race?'' she says. ''Why does our
society have to categorize everyone? I mean, race isn't a scientific
thing. Yet we take it as if it is. It exists; it's real. But to
me I'm not sure it is real.'' Having lived in Italy and Switzerland
for at time, Kay finds it easier to be an artist in Europe than
the United States. Here she toils on the fringes of society. And
now she is making art about people who are, in a sense, on the
fringe. ''I don't know if I really even see myself as a minority,''
she says. ''If I'm in a minority, I'm in a minority of a minority.
And I don't like it. I want to be accepted for who I am, and I
think that's what a lot of people in the show say.'' ONE afternoon,
before ''Half-breed'' opened, a visitor stopped in the gallery
and read a few of the quotes on Kay's wooden feet. Soon he began
to speak of a man he knew, a Nicaraguan-born American married
to a woman of Japanese and Irish heritage. The visitor spoke of
the beauty of this man's children, how his daughter has a slight
Asian cast to her eyes but his son looks Indian. This man, he
said, couldn't possibly relate to Kay's exhibit because he has
never thought of himself - and by extension his children - as
anything but American. ''He's proud of the fact that he was born
in Nicaragua but he's an American citizen,'' the visitor said.
And then the visitor talked on about interracial marriage and
the future of America. ''In 2100, how much different will our
society be?'' he asked. ''How will you define yourself? And will
it make a difference? Our ideas of race have to break down.''
Thinking back on Ken, the boy in my old school portrait, I wonder:
Perhaps we once asked ourselves who his parents were. Perhaps
we once saw his mother stop by our school in a sari. Or perhaps
not. Perhaps I have imagined the whole scenario, my mind sparked
by the lingo of diversity that has become a fact of life in 1990s
California. In working on her exhibit, Kay came across the term
utang na loob, which in Tagalog, a native language of the Philippines,
means debt or obligation of the heart. In her show's dedication,
she writes, ''I am asking you to honor your utang na loob . .
. so that we become a land of tolerance, without a need for racial/ethnic
boxes, united as members in the family of the human race.''
Photos (8) SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS
|